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Showing posts with label Why DBA?. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Why DBA?. Show all posts

DBA Career Prospects

 

DBAs work in a variety of organisations and career prospects will vary accordingly. Larger organisations may offer structured career paths to the level of lead or senior DBA, with increasing management and technical responsibility.

Many DBAs move on to other areas, such as:


  • systems development.
  • project management.
  • network management.
  • database architecture.


The combination of technical and management skills may open up more strategic roles.

A large number of DBAs choose to work as freelance consultants or contractors, capitalizing on their specialist technical knowledge. As a contractor, the projects you work on might include the design and development of a smaller database or working as part of a large-scale project in conjunction with specialist IT firms and consultants. This does require substantial experience

Professional development:-

It is technical in nature to ensure that you're up to speed with software developments and is supplemented by short, internal or external courses as appropriate.

Employers with Oracle Database:-

Opportunities can arise within any organisation that uses computerized databases, including organisations in the public, private and third sectors.

IT companies employ database administrators, both to run their own systems and to work on client projects.

Opportunities also exist in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Even relatively small companies hold a great deal of information on their members, clients and suppliers, and this data is crucial if they are to compete with others in the sector. Businesses are increasingly using the information held on their databases to target new customers and launch new products and services.

The role of a DBA is highly specialized and vacancy numbers have been steadily increasing in recent years.

Top Employers with Oracle Database:-


  • Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
  • Infosys
  • Wipro
  • HCL Technologies
  • Tech Mahindra
  • Oracle
  • Mindtree
  • Mphasis
  • Hexaware Technologies
  • Persistent Systems

DBA Responsibilities

 
  • Installing and upgrading the database server and application tools.
  • Allocating system storage and planning future storage requirements for the database system.
  • Modifying the database structure, as necessary, from information given by application developers.
  • Enrolling users and maintaining system security.
  • Ensuring compliance with database vendor license agreement.
  • Controlling and monitoring user access to the database.
  • Monitoring and optimizing the performance of the database.
  • Planning for backup and recovery of database information.
  • Maintaining archived data.
  • Backing up and restoring databases.
  • Contacting database vendor for technical support.
  • Generating various reports by querying from database as per need.

Oracle DBA Levels:-

L1(Level 1)
Key skills required are:- Communication, Customer facing skills.
Support:-

  1. logs, categorizes, prioritizes, tracks, and routes 
  2. incidents reported by users or 
  3. alarms raised by monitoring tools. 

Task:-L1 is intended to be the first to acknowledge an incident. L1 support tracks tickets until successfully resolved. L1 engineers can implement basic, documented break-fix tasks along the lines of following a cookbook recipe.
Escalation:-L1 personnel will typically escalate to an L2 resource and follow documented escalation procedures.

L2(Level 2)
Key skills required are:- Product Knowledge, Communication, Customer facing skills and Domain Knowledge.
Support:- tries to reproduce the problem in an environment similar to where the problem was reported and does the initial triage of the issue and provide as much detail to the 3rd Level support, if they can't resolve the issue.
Task:- Some of the common fixes done by Second Level Support are configuration changes, data back-load, data correction, app restart etc. L2 technicians follow documented processes and workflows provided by Clients or higher level support representatives, vendors, product management, etc.
Escalation:-They are expected to escalate to the L3’s when documentation is insufficient to complete the tasks or do not solve the incident

L3(Level 3)
Support:- fix an issue by code changes and participates in the build and release management activities.
Task:-L3 engineers participate in management, prioritization, minor enhancements, break fix activities, problem management, stability analysis, etc.
Escalation:-If a fix involves a major enhancement or a development, then the problem is transferred to engineering or development teams, Level 4.

L4(Level 4)
Support:- Refers to product or vendor support and often involves vendor product architects, engineers, software developers, hardware designers and the like.

DBA Task

 

Daily Checks


  1. Oracle Database instance is running or not
  2. Database Listener is running or not.
  3. Check any session blocking the other session
  4. Check the alert log for an error
  5. Check is there any dbms jobs running & check the status of the same
  6. Check the Top session using more Physical I/O
  7. Check the number of log switch per hour
  8. How much redo generated per hour
  9. Run the statpack report
  10. Detect lock objects
  11. Check the SQL query consuming lot of resources.
  12. Check the usage of SGA
  13. Display database sessions using rollback segments
  14. State of all the DB Block Buffer

Weekly Checks


  1. Check the objects fragmented
  2. Check the Chaining & Migrated Rows
  3. Check the size of tables & check weather it need to partition or not
  4. Check for Block corruption
  5. Check the tables without PK
  6. Check the tables having no Indexes
  7. Check the tables having more Indexes
  8. Check the tables having FK but there is no Index
  9. Check the objects having the more extents
  10. Check the frequently pin objects & place them in separate tablespace & in cache
  11. Check the objects reload in memory many time
  12. Check the free space at O/s Level
  13. Check the CPU, Memory usage at O/s level define the threshold for the same.
  14. Check the used & free Block at object level as well as on tablespaces.
  15. Check the objects reaching to it’s Max extents
  16. Check free Space in the tablespace
  17. Check invalid objects of the database
  18. Check open cursor not reaching to the max limit
  19. Check locks not reaching to the max lock
  20. Check free quota limited available of each user
  21. Check I/O of each data file

Monthly or Quarterly Checks


  1. Check the database size & compare it previous size to find the exact growth of the database
  2. Find Tablespace Status, segment management, initial & Max Extents and Extent Management
  3. Check location of data file also check auto extendable or not
  4. Check default tablespace & temporary tablespace of each user
  5. Check the Indexes which is not used yet
  6. Check the Extents of each object and compare if any object extent are overridden which is define at tablespace level
  7. Tablespace need coalescing
  8. Check the overall database statistics
  9. Trend Analysis of objects with tablespace, last analyzed, no. of Rows, Growth in days & growth in KB

What is DBA?

 

A DBA is a Database Administrator, who administers the database server by using specialized software to store and organize data.

A DBA is responsible for the performance, integrity and security of a database.
They will also be involved in the planning and development of the database, as well as troubleshooting any issues on behalf of the users.

A DBA makes sure that databases have the following qualities:

Data remains consistent across the database.
Data is clearly defined.
Users access data concurrently, in a form that suits their needs.
Provision for data security and recovery control (all data is retrievable in an emergency).

Why DBA is required?

A DBA is required for administering the database.
Database server is up.
Data inside the Database is protected.

Skills required for DBA:-


  • Communication skills
  • Problem-solving and good analytical skills
  • Knowledge of database theory
  • Knowledge of database design
  • Knowledge about the RDBMS
  • Knowledge of structured query language (SQL)
  • Distributed computing architectures understanding
  • Operating system understanding
  • Networking and storage technologies understanding
  • General understanding of routine maintenance, recovery, and handling fail-over of a database

Qualifications required for DBA:-

You can enter this career with a degree in any subject but the following may be particularly useful:

  • computer science.
  • computer software/computer systems engineering.
  • electronics.
  • information technology.
  • mathematics.
  • operational research.
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