Full backup: A full backup backs up all data files in the database, block-by-block, a standalone backup with everything you need to recover to the point in time when the full backup was collected.
Incremental backup: An incremental backup can be either level 0 or level 1.
Incremental backup levels
Level 0 backup: A level 0 incremental backup is physically identical to a full backup and it includes every data block in the file except empty blocks. The only difference is that the level 0 backup is recorded as an incremental backup in the RMAN repository, so it can be used as the parent for a level 1 backup.
Level 1 backup: A level 1 backup includes only those blocks that have been changed since the "parent" backup was taken. Remember a parent backup may be either a level 0 or a level 1 backup.
Two types of incremental backup
Differential incremental backup:- which backs up all blocks changed after the most recent incremental backup at level 1 or 0
Cumulative incremental backup:- which backs up all blocks changed after the most recent incremental backup at level 0
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